3.4.6-8.B

• Strand: Agricultural and environmental systems — Environment and society
• Analyze and interpret data about how different societies (economic and social systems) and cultures use and manage natural resources differently.

3.4.6-8.C

• Strand: Agricultural and environmental systems — Watersheds and wetlands
• Develop a model to describe how watersheds and wetlands function as systems, including the roles and functions they serve.

3.4.6-8.D

• Strand: Environmental literacy skills — Investigating environmental issues
• Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple sources to investigate how Pennsylvania environmental issues affect Pennsylvania’s human and natural systems.

3.4.6-8.E

• Strand: Environmental literacy skills — Environmental experiences
• Collect, analyze, and interpret environmental data to describe a local environment.

3.4.6-8.H

• Strand: Sustainability and stewardship — Environmental stewardship
• Design a solution to an environmental issue in which individuals and societies can engage as stewards of the environment.

3.4.6-8.I

• Strand: Sustainability and stewardship — Environmental justice
• Construct an explanation that describes regional environmental conditions and their implications on environmental justice and social equity.

3.1.6-8.L

• Strand: Ecosystems — Interdependent relationships in ecosystems
• Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence that changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect populations.

3.1.6-8.S

• Strand: Heredity — Natural selection and adaptation
• Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals’ probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment.

3.2.6-8.F

• Strand: Matter and its interactions — Chemical reactions
• Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.

3.3.6-8.E

• Strand: Human impacts on Earth systems
• Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

3.3.6-8.H

• Strand: The roles of water in Earth’s surface processes
• Develop a model to describe the cycling of water through Earth’s systems driven by energy from the sun and the force of gravity.

3.3.6-8.M

• Strand: Human impacts on Earth systems
• Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

3.3.6-8.N

• Strand: Human impacts on Earth systems
• Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth’s systems.

3.5.6-8.C

• Strand: Technology and society — Effects of technology
• Hypothesize what alternative outcomes (individual, cultural, and/or environmental) might have resulted had a different technological solution been selected.

3.5.6-8.H

• Strand: The design process — Evaluating solutions
• Evaluate trade-offs based on various perspectives as part of a decision process that recognizes the need for careful compromises among competing factors.

3.5.6-8.O

• Strand: Technological processes — Data interpretation
• Interpret the accuracy of information collected.

3.5.6-8.Q

• Strand: The design process — Engineering design thinking
• Apply a technology and engineering design thinking process.

3.5.6-8.U

• Strand: The design process — Evaluating solutions
• Evaluate and assess the strengths and weaknesses of various design solutions given established principles and elements of design.

3.5.6-8.W

• Strand: The design process — Defining problems
• Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.